Troup County was the 70th county organized; it was a landlot county acquired from the Creek Indians in 1826. The county was named for Governor George M. Troup, “The Hercules of State Rights,” and an ardent advocate of “Indian Removal” despite being a cousin of Chief William McIntosh.

The county seat, LaGrange, is named for the ancestral home of Revolutionary War hero Marquis de LaFayette. LaFayette Fountain, a replica of the LaFayette statue in LePuy, France, also salutes the Marquis de LaFayette. It stands on the courthouse square in LaGrange.